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	<title>Comments on: Trade, CPI and other numbers came in this week</title>
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	<link>http://mpettis.com/2009/03/366/</link>
	<description>China's financial and monetary links to the world</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 05:02:33 -0500</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: &#8220;France and Germany exit Recession&#8221; &#171; Justrecently&#39;s Weblog</title>
		<link>http://mpettis.com/2009/03/366/comment-page-2/#comment-2984</link>
		<dc:creator>&#8220;France and Germany exit Recession&#8221; &#171; Justrecently&#39;s Weblog</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 13 Aug 2009 11:55:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mpettis.com/?p=366#comment-2984</guid>
		<description>[...] Pettis, professor at Beijing University&#8217;s Guanghua School of Management, regularly posts worries about possible deflation in China. Similar worries might be in order for Germany. Just as in China, much of the stimulus package in [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Pettis, professor at Beijing University&#8217;s Guanghua School of Management, regularly posts worries about possible deflation in China. Similar worries might be in order for Germany. Just as in China, much of the stimulus package in [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Current &#187; Chimerica or Greater China?</title>
		<link>http://mpettis.com/2009/03/366/comment-page-1/#comment-1295</link>
		<dc:creator>Current &#187; Chimerica or Greater China?</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Apr 2009 05:56:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mpettis.com/?p=366#comment-1295</guid>
		<description>[...] of China (two recent entries, as a sampler: Did China experiencing January hot money outflows? and Trade, CPI and other numbers came in this week, about whether the global crisis is seeping into China&#8217;s &#8220;real economy&#8221;), and [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] of China (two recent entries, as a sampler: Did China experiencing January hot money outflows? and Trade, CPI and other numbers came in this week, about whether the global crisis is seeping into China&#8217;s &#8220;real economy&#8221;), and [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Roger J</title>
		<link>http://mpettis.com/2009/03/366/comment-page-1/#comment-1157</link>
		<dc:creator>Roger J</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2009 10:35:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mpettis.com/?p=366#comment-1157</guid>
		<description>Michael,

There were some articles a while ago suspecting that Chinese stimulus might actually go into Chinese stock markets, among them is this:
http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2009/02/so-much-for-stimulus-chinese-loans.html

Now, this is today&#039;s Bloomberg news:
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&amp;sid=aDtidHGVUJpg&amp;refer=home

Would you view this recent Bloomberg article as a confirmation of the former suspicions?

Regards,
Roger Jarema</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Michael,</p>
<p>There were some articles a while ago suspecting that Chinese stimulus might actually go into Chinese stock markets, among them is this:<br />
<a href="http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2009/02/so-much-for-stimulus-chinese-loans.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2009/02/so-much-for-stimulus-chinese-loans.html</a></p>
<p>Now, this is today&#8217;s Bloomberg news:<br />
<a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&amp;sid=aDtidHGVUJpg&amp;refer=home" rel="nofollow">http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&amp;sid=aDtidHGVUJpg&amp;refer=home</a></p>
<p>Would you view this recent Bloomberg article as a confirmation of the former suspicions?</p>
<p>Regards,<br />
Roger Jarema</p>
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		<title>By: litz</title>
		<link>http://mpettis.com/2009/03/366/comment-page-1/#comment-1156</link>
		<dc:creator>litz</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2009 10:11:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mpettis.com/?p=366#comment-1156</guid>
		<description>Mechael, how do you consider the comment of Rogoff on debt mount?
http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/rogoff54
Not the trade dificit, but the debt level is the key concern on dollar&#039;s furture.
Obama do adress this problem by making promise to cut the debt level.But the recovery plan is indeed a government debt plan. Without Fed print machine, how could US manage to repay the debt?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mechael, how do you consider the comment of Rogoff on debt mount?<br />
<a href="http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/rogoff54" rel="nofollow">http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/rogoff54</a><br />
Not the trade dificit, but the debt level is the key concern on dollar&#8217;s furture.<br />
Obama do adress this problem by making promise to cut the debt level.But the recovery plan is indeed a government debt plan. Without Fed print machine, how could US manage to repay the debt?</p>
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		<title>By: Michael</title>
		<link>http://mpettis.com/2009/03/366/comment-page-1/#comment-1153</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2009 06:13:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mpettis.com/?p=366#comment-1153</guid>
		<description>Boomups, I think it is more complex than that.  Chinese purchases of USG bonds go to finance the net consumption by Americans of Chinese products.  Although it is hard to disentangle all this, it is probaly more accurate to say that they finance Chinese wages rather than American wages.

G. Stephen, most of my comments on the Morici article are above -- I think he gets the &quot;plumbing&quot; right but I am not sure he understands the constraints facing China.  As for your second question, the PBoC finances its purchases of dollars wholly by creating RMB deposits at the commerical banks.  Some of this money creation is then sterilized by the sale of central bank bills, although there is a dispute over how effective this is.  It may be that central bank bills are too close a substitute for money to have much sterilization effect.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Boomups, I think it is more complex than that.  Chinese purchases of USG bonds go to finance the net consumption by Americans of Chinese products.  Although it is hard to disentangle all this, it is probaly more accurate to say that they finance Chinese wages rather than American wages.</p>
<p>G. Stephen, most of my comments on the Morici article are above &#8212; I think he gets the &#8220;plumbing&#8221; right but I am not sure he understands the constraints facing China.  As for your second question, the PBoC finances its purchases of dollars wholly by creating RMB deposits at the commerical banks.  Some of this money creation is then sterilized by the sale of central bank bills, although there is a dispute over how effective this is.  It may be that central bank bills are too close a substitute for money to have much sterilization effect.</p>
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		<title>By: G. Stegen</title>
		<link>http://mpettis.com/2009/03/366/comment-page-1/#comment-1150</link>
		<dc:creator>G. Stegen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Mar 2009 19:43:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mpettis.com/?p=366#comment-1150</guid>
		<description>Michael:  A couple of questions.

RE:  The Peter Morenci article cited by Lark.  
I found this article to be a very clear and accurate discussion of factors that lead up to the current financial crisis. I could find nothing to argue with(Excepting some of his policy recommendations).  Other than the policy recommendations, what comments do you and other readers have on this article?

RE:  Your response to Void
The accumulation of FX reserves must necessarily be finanaced in some way. Logic tells me it must be some combination of taxes, government borrowing, net cash flow from SOEs, sale of government assets, and creation of money (e. g. printing currency).  Are there other sources I have left out?  Do you or other readers have an idea of the relative contributions of these various contributions to financing China&#039;s large builup of FX reserves.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Michael:  A couple of questions.</p>
<p>RE:  The Peter Morenci article cited by Lark.<br />
I found this article to be a very clear and accurate discussion of factors that lead up to the current financial crisis. I could find nothing to argue with(Excepting some of his policy recommendations).  Other than the policy recommendations, what comments do you and other readers have on this article?</p>
<p>RE:  Your response to Void<br />
The accumulation of FX reserves must necessarily be finanaced in some way. Logic tells me it must be some combination of taxes, government borrowing, net cash flow from SOEs, sale of government assets, and creation of money (e. g. printing currency).  Are there other sources I have left out?  Do you or other readers have an idea of the relative contributions of these various contributions to financing China&#8217;s large builup of FX reserves.</p>
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		<title>By: booomups</title>
		<link>http://mpettis.com/2009/03/366/comment-page-1/#comment-1149</link>
		<dc:creator>booomups</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Mar 2009 18:34:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mpettis.com/?p=366#comment-1149</guid>
		<description>reply to thomas&#039;s post on the 14/03

There are some points you either completely missed or didnt think that they matter regarding your upper post... which is it?

-The US dollars that china lends the US governement, by buying bonds from institutions with state warranty, mostly go into wages of US american living in the US (assumption). If china were to sell and stop buying those bonds in order to buy commoditys and assets, the value of the us dollar would fall dramaticly compared to those assets and commoditys. And if the seller of those assets and commoditys does not start buying the USD Bonds instead of china, then the US governement will have to find other means to pay their employees, and will probably just print that money--&gt; lower usd value in general

and there will not be extra demand in the us, at most a shift of demand from labour to TRANSFERABLE assets.

though i am not saying all this would be bad for everybody. except the holders of big USD amounts in cash or bonds and unflexible usd wage earners.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>reply to thomas&#8217;s post on the 14/03</p>
<p>There are some points you either completely missed or didnt think that they matter regarding your upper post&#8230; which is it?</p>
<p>-The US dollars that china lends the US governement, by buying bonds from institutions with state warranty, mostly go into wages of US american living in the US (assumption). If china were to sell and stop buying those bonds in order to buy commoditys and assets, the value of the us dollar would fall dramaticly compared to those assets and commoditys. And if the seller of those assets and commoditys does not start buying the USD Bonds instead of china, then the US governement will have to find other means to pay their employees, and will probably just print that money&#8211;&gt; lower usd value in general</p>
<p>and there will not be extra demand in the us, at most a shift of demand from labour to TRANSFERABLE assets.</p>
<p>though i am not saying all this would be bad for everybody. except the holders of big USD amounts in cash or bonds and unflexible usd wage earners.</p>
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		<title>By: Michael</title>
		<link>http://mpettis.com/2009/03/366/comment-page-1/#comment-1146</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Mar 2009 10:07:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mpettis.com/?p=366#comment-1146</guid>
		<description>Lark, I think Peter Morici may be unnecessarily combative.  The US and China should work out a reasonable proposal that will occur over enough time to allow China to adjust without causing huge domestic damage – at least four or five years.  It is in both countries’ interest that they do so in a cooperative and consultative way.  Bashing foreigners is an awful lot of fun, and too many people in the US and China (and everywhere else) indulge freely in the pleasure, but it is almost always counterproductive.  Unfortunately I think the nationalist idiots in China, the US, and the rest of the world will do well out of this crisis, to the detriment of the rest of us.  I think it is hard for someone who has read a lot of history to be very optimistic.  By the way by “nationalist idiots” I do not mean at all to imply anything about Morici, who strikes me as very smart and with a fairly sophisticated understanding of the global imbalances, if not always with a full understanding of the challenges China faces.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Lark, I think Peter Morici may be unnecessarily combative.  The US and China should work out a reasonable proposal that will occur over enough time to allow China to adjust without causing huge domestic damage – at least four or five years.  It is in both countries’ interest that they do so in a cooperative and consultative way.  Bashing foreigners is an awful lot of fun, and too many people in the US and China (and everywhere else) indulge freely in the pleasure, but it is almost always counterproductive.  Unfortunately I think the nationalist idiots in China, the US, and the rest of the world will do well out of this crisis, to the detriment of the rest of us.  I think it is hard for someone who has read a lot of history to be very optimistic.  By the way by “nationalist idiots” I do not mean at all to imply anything about Morici, who strikes me as very smart and with a fairly sophisticated understanding of the global imbalances, if not always with a full understanding of the challenges China faces.</p>
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		<title>By: Michael</title>
		<link>http://mpettis.com/2009/03/366/comment-page-1/#comment-1145</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Mar 2009 10:06:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mpettis.com/?p=366#comment-1145</guid>
		<description>Void, when countries intervene in the FX markets to manage the value of their currencies, they do so by having the central bank buy or sell the currencies involved.  This alters the demand/supply dynamics so that the “equilibrium” price is that set by the central bank (this is almost always how central banks that set the exchange rate of their currencies do so).  In so doing they necessarily build or lose reserves according to the net buying or selling of the rest of the market.

CCT, if the RMB value changes against the dollar, that affects not just pricing of goods sold to the US, but pricing of all goods priced in dollars.  Of course it also affects the prices of all goods not priced in dollars too.  If, for example, $1.00 = E 1.30 = Y 7.00 (where E is euro and Y is RMB), and then the RMB appreciates to $1.00 = Y 6.00, the RMB necessarily also appreciates immediately in Euro terms from E 1.00 = Y 9.10 to E 1.00 = Y 7.80.  All Chinese exports to the world would see price rises and all Chinese imports from the world would see price declines.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Void, when countries intervene in the FX markets to manage the value of their currencies, they do so by having the central bank buy or sell the currencies involved.  This alters the demand/supply dynamics so that the “equilibrium” price is that set by the central bank (this is almost always how central banks that set the exchange rate of their currencies do so).  In so doing they necessarily build or lose reserves according to the net buying or selling of the rest of the market.</p>
<p>CCT, if the RMB value changes against the dollar, that affects not just pricing of goods sold to the US, but pricing of all goods priced in dollars.  Of course it also affects the prices of all goods not priced in dollars too.  If, for example, $1.00 = E 1.30 = Y 7.00 (where E is euro and Y is RMB), and then the RMB appreciates to $1.00 = Y 6.00, the RMB necessarily also appreciates immediately in Euro terms from E 1.00 = Y 9.10 to E 1.00 = Y 7.80.  All Chinese exports to the world would see price rises and all Chinese imports from the world would see price declines.</p>
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		<title>By: lark</title>
		<link>http://mpettis.com/2009/03/366/comment-page-1/#comment-1143</link>
		<dc:creator>lark</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2009 21:57:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://mpettis.com/?p=366#comment-1143</guid>
		<description>I wonder what you think of Peter Morici&#039;s proposals in the Asia Times (link http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/KC13Dj07.html):

&quot;Regarding nonenergy trade, no solution is possible without addressing the trade deficit with China, and its manipulated exchange rate and other mercantilist practices. And given the role of the trade deficit in the nation&#039;s macroeconomic problems and sovereignty problems foreign borrowing creates for the United States, no public policy problem is more urgent...

Americans need to recognize that China is hardly a market economy in a Western sense and is still highly state managed. Its financial system may not be able to sustain an unmanaged floating exchange rate; however, China can manage the value of its currency at 4 yuan to the US dollar as easily as it does 6.8 to the dollar. In fact, it would be a lot easier to manage a value closer to balance of payments equilibrium.

Simply, the United States should give China the opportunity, with a hard deadline, to manage down its trade surplus with the United States, either through meaningful and complete currency revaluation - complete means raising the dollar value for the yuan to a level that reduces China&#039;s trade surplus with the United States by one third each year and to zero after three - or through other domestic means of Beijing&#039;s choosing.

If China declines, the United States should simply tax dollar-yuan conversion in proportion to its official and surrogate currency market interventions. The United States should impose a tax equal to the quarterly value of China&#039;s intervention divided by its exports of goods and services. China would then have a strong incentive to reduce and then stop intervening.

If China does not reduce and eliminate intervention and chooses for the United States to tax currency conversion, then the benefits from a revalued yuan of higher prices for Chinese imports that should go to Chinese businesses would instead go into the US Treasury. If China reduces and then eliminates one-way intervention and lets its currency rise to a value that balances trade, Chinese businesses would capture those benefits in the form of higher dollar prices for their goods.

...

Redressing the trade deficit with China in this manner would not be protectionist. China&#039;s actions now are protectionist, and constitute a modern day Smoot-Hawley. China&#039;s policies are about as protectionist and predatory as could ever be conceived by the most skilled 17th century mercantilist and are an absolute threat to US prosperity and sovereignty.

I am not advocating protectionism - let China stop rigging its currency and trade and the United States can and should compete. I am advocating the United States abandon a policy of appeasement in commerce and embrace self-defense and self preservation.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I wonder what you think of Peter Morici&#8217;s proposals in the Asia Times (link <a href="http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/KC13Dj07.html)" rel="nofollow">http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/KC13Dj07.html)</a>:</p>
<p>&#8220;Regarding nonenergy trade, no solution is possible without addressing the trade deficit with China, and its manipulated exchange rate and other mercantilist practices. And given the role of the trade deficit in the nation&#8217;s macroeconomic problems and sovereignty problems foreign borrowing creates for the United States, no public policy problem is more urgent&#8230;</p>
<p>Americans need to recognize that China is hardly a market economy in a Western sense and is still highly state managed. Its financial system may not be able to sustain an unmanaged floating exchange rate; however, China can manage the value of its currency at 4 yuan to the US dollar as easily as it does 6.8 to the dollar. In fact, it would be a lot easier to manage a value closer to balance of payments equilibrium.</p>
<p>Simply, the United States should give China the opportunity, with a hard deadline, to manage down its trade surplus with the United States, either through meaningful and complete currency revaluation &#8211; complete means raising the dollar value for the yuan to a level that reduces China&#8217;s trade surplus with the United States by one third each year and to zero after three &#8211; or through other domestic means of Beijing&#8217;s choosing.</p>
<p>If China declines, the United States should simply tax dollar-yuan conversion in proportion to its official and surrogate currency market interventions. The United States should impose a tax equal to the quarterly value of China&#8217;s intervention divided by its exports of goods and services. China would then have a strong incentive to reduce and then stop intervening.</p>
<p>If China does not reduce and eliminate intervention and chooses for the United States to tax currency conversion, then the benefits from a revalued yuan of higher prices for Chinese imports that should go to Chinese businesses would instead go into the US Treasury. If China reduces and then eliminates one-way intervention and lets its currency rise to a value that balances trade, Chinese businesses would capture those benefits in the form of higher dollar prices for their goods.</p>
<p>&#8230;</p>
<p>Redressing the trade deficit with China in this manner would not be protectionist. China&#8217;s actions now are protectionist, and constitute a modern day Smoot-Hawley. China&#8217;s policies are about as protectionist and predatory as could ever be conceived by the most skilled 17th century mercantilist and are an absolute threat to US prosperity and sovereignty.</p>
<p>I am not advocating protectionism &#8211; let China stop rigging its currency and trade and the United States can and should compete. I am advocating the United States abandon a policy of appeasement in commerce and embrace self-defense and self preservation.&#8221;</p>
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